Setting Color Alpha Values in Python Matplotlib

Introduction

This lab is about setting a color's alpha value using the Python Matplotlib library. Alpha value is a measure of transparency, where a value of 0 means completely transparent and a value of 1 means completely opaque. We will explore two ways to set alpha value in Matplotlib: using the alpha keyword argument and using the (matplotlib_color, alpha) color format.

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Skills Graph

%%%%{init: {'theme':'neutral'}}%%%% flowchart RL python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/BasicConceptsGroup(["`Basic Concepts`"]) matplotlib(("`Matplotlib`")) -.-> matplotlib/BasicConceptsGroup(["`Basic Concepts`"]) matplotlib(("`Matplotlib`")) -.-> matplotlib/PlottingDataGroup(["`Plotting Data`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/ControlFlowGroup(["`Control Flow`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/DataStructuresGroup(["`Data Structures`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/ModulesandPackagesGroup(["`Modules and Packages`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/PythonStandardLibraryGroup(["`Python Standard Library`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/DataScienceandMachineLearningGroup(["`Data Science and Machine Learning`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/FunctionsGroup(["`Functions`"]) python/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> python/comments("`Comments`") matplotlib/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> matplotlib/importing_matplotlib("`Importing Matplotlib`") matplotlib/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> matplotlib/figures_axes("`Understanding Figures and Axes`") matplotlib/PlottingDataGroup -.-> matplotlib/bar_charts("`Bar Charts`") python/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> python/variables_data_types("`Variables and Data Types`") python/ControlFlowGroup -.-> python/conditional_statements("`Conditional Statements`") python/ControlFlowGroup -.-> python/for_loops("`For Loops`") python/ControlFlowGroup -.-> python/list_comprehensions("`List Comprehensions`") python/DataStructuresGroup -.-> python/lists("`Lists`") python/DataStructuresGroup -.-> python/tuples("`Tuples`") python/ModulesandPackagesGroup -.-> python/importing_modules("`Importing Modules`") python/ModulesandPackagesGroup -.-> python/standard_libraries("`Common Standard Libraries`") python/PythonStandardLibraryGroup -.-> python/math_random("`Math and Random`") python/PythonStandardLibraryGroup -.-> python/data_collections("`Data Collections`") python/DataScienceandMachineLearningGroup -.-> python/numerical_computing("`Numerical Computing`") python/DataScienceandMachineLearningGroup -.-> python/data_visualization("`Data Visualization`") python/FunctionsGroup -.-> python/build_in_functions("`Build-in Functions`") subgraph Lab Skills python/comments -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} matplotlib/importing_matplotlib -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} matplotlib/figures_axes -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} matplotlib/bar_charts -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/variables_data_types -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/conditional_statements -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/for_loops -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/list_comprehensions -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/lists -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/tuples -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/importing_modules -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/standard_libraries -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/math_random -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/data_collections -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/numerical_computing -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/data_visualization -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} python/build_in_functions -.-> lab-48922{{"`Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value`"}} end

Creating a Bar Chart with Explicit Alpha Value

In this step, we will create a bar chart using the bar method in Matplotlib. We will set the alpha value using the alpha keyword argument. All bars in the chart will have the same alpha value.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np ## Fixing random state for reproducibility. np.random.seed(19680801) fig, ax = plt.subplots() x_values = [n for n in range(20)] y_values = np.random.randn(20) facecolors = ['green' if y > 0 else 'red' for y in y_values] edgecolors = facecolors ax.bar(x_values, y_values, color=facecolors, edgecolor=edgecolors, alpha=0.5) ax.set_title("Explicit 'alpha' keyword value\nshared by all bars and edges") plt.show()

Creating a Bar Chart with Varying Alpha Values

In this step, we will create a bar chart using the bar method in Matplotlib. We will set the alpha value using the (matplotlib_color, alpha) color format. Each bar in the chart will have a different alpha value, based on its y-value.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np ## Fixing random state for reproducibility. np.random.seed(19680801) fig, ax = plt.subplots() x_values = [n for n in range(20)] y_values = np.random.randn(20) facecolors = ['green' if y > 0 else 'red' for y in y_values] edgecolors = facecolors ## Normalize y values to get distinct face alpha values. abs_y = [abs(y) for y in y_values] face_alphas = [n / max(abs_y) for n in abs_y] edge_alphas = [1 - alpha for alpha in face_alphas] colors_with_alphas = list(zip(facecolors, face_alphas)) edgecolors_with_alphas = list(zip(edgecolors, edge_alphas)) ax.bar(x_values, y_values, color=colors_with_alphas, edgecolor=edgecolors_with_alphas) ax.set_title('Normalized alphas for\neach bar and each edge') plt.show()

Summary

In this lab, we learned two ways to set a color's alpha value in Matplotlib: using the alpha keyword argument and using the (matplotlib_color, alpha) color format. The alpha keyword argument sets the same alpha value for all bars in a chart, while the (matplotlib_color, alpha) color format allows us to set different alpha values for each bar based on its y-value.

Ways to Set a Color's Alpha Value