Random Number Generation in Go

Introduction

This lab aims to test your ability to generate random numbers using the math/rand package in Golang.

Random Numbers

You are required to write a program that generates random integers and floats within a specified range. The program should also be able to produce varying sequences of numbers by changing the seed.

• The program should use the math/rand package to generate random numbers.
• The program should generate random integers within a specified range.
• The program should generate random floats within a specified range.
• The program should be able to produce varying sequences of numbers by changing the seed.

## Depending on where you run this sample, some of the
## generated numbers may be different. Note that on
## the Go playground seeding with `time.Now()` still
## produces deterministic results due to the way the
## playground is implemented.
$ go run random-numbers.go
81,87
0.6645600532184904
7.123187485356329,8.434115364335547
0,28
5,87
5,87

## See the [`math/rand`](https://pkg.go.dev/math/rand)
## package docs for references on other random quantities
## that Go can provide.

There is the full code below:

// Go's `math/rand` package provides
// [pseudorandom number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator)
// generation.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "time"
)

func main() {

    // For example, `rand.Intn` returns a random `int` n,
    // `0 <= n < 100`.
    fmt.Print(rand.Intn(100), ",")
    fmt.Print(rand.Intn(100))
    fmt.Println()

    // `rand.Float64` returns a `float64` `f`,
    // `0.0 <= f < 1.0`.
    fmt.Println(rand.Float64())

    // This can be used to generate random floats in
    // other ranges, for example `5.0 <= f' < 10.0`.
    fmt.Print((rand.Float64()*5)+5, ",")
    fmt.Print((rand.Float64() * 5) + 5)
    fmt.Println()

    // The default number generator is deterministic, so it'll
    // produce the same sequence of numbers each time by default.
    // To produce varying sequences, give it a seed that changes.
    // Note that this is not safe to use for random numbers you
    // intend to be secret; use `crypto/rand` for those.
    s1 := rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())
    r1 := rand.New(s1)

    // Call the resulting `rand.Rand` just like the
    // functions on the `rand` package.
    fmt.Print(r1.Intn(100), ",")
    fmt.Print(r1.Intn(100))
    fmt.Println()

    // If you seed a source with the same number, it
    // produces the same sequence of random numbers.
    s2 := rand.NewSource(42)
    r2 := rand.New(s2)
    fmt.Print(r2.Intn(100), ",")
    fmt.Print(r2.Intn(100))
    fmt.Println()
    s3 := rand.NewSource(42)
    r3 := rand.New(s3)
    fmt.Print(r3.Intn(100), ",")
    fmt.Print(r3.Intn(100))
}

Summary

This lab requires you to generate random numbers using the math/rand package in Golang. You should be able to generate random integers and floats within a specified range and produce varying sequences of numbers by changing the seed.