Machine Learning | Clustering Algorithms | K-Means vs MiniBatchKMeans

Introduction

In this lab, we will compare two clustering algorithms: K-Means and MiniBatchKMeans. K-Means is a popular clustering algorithm that is widely used in machine learning. MiniBatchKMeans is a variant of K-Means that is faster but gives slightly different results. We will cluster a set of data using both algorithms and plot the results. We will also plot the points that are labeled differently between the two algorithms.

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Generate the Data

We start by generating the blobs of data to be clustered.

import numpy as np
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs

np.random.seed(0)

batch_size = 45
centers = [[1, 1], [-1, -1], [1, -1]]
n_clusters = len(centers)
X, labels_true = make_blobs(n_samples=3000, centers=centers, cluster_std=0.7)

Compute Clustering with KMeans

We will compute clustering with KMeans.

import time
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans

k_means = KMeans(init="k-means++", n_clusters=3, n_init=10)
t0 = time.time()
k_means.fit(X)
t_batch = time.time() - t0

Compute Clustering with MiniBatchKMeans

We will compute clustering with MiniBatchKMeans.

from sklearn.cluster import MiniBatchKMeans

mbk = MiniBatchKMeans(
    init="k-means++",
    n_clusters=3,
    batch_size=batch_size,
    n_init=10,
    max_no_improvement=10,
    verbose=0,
)
t0 = time.time()
mbk.fit(X)
t_mini_batch = time.time() - t0

Establishing Parity Between Clusters

We want to have the same color for the same cluster from both the MiniBatchKMeans and the KMeans algorithm. Let's pair the cluster centers per closest one.

from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import pairwise_distances_argmin

k_means_cluster_centers = k_means.cluster_centers_
order = pairwise_distances_argmin(k_means.cluster_centers_, mbk.cluster_centers_)
mbk_means_cluster_centers = mbk.cluster_centers_[order]

k_means_labels = pairwise_distances_argmin(X, k_means_cluster_centers)
mbk_means_labels = pairwise_distances_argmin(X, mbk_means_cluster_centers)

Plotting the Results

We will plot the results.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 3))
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.02, right=0.98, bottom=0.05, top=0.9)
colors = ["#4EACC5", "#FF9C34", "#4E9A06"]

## KMeans
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 3, 1)
for k, col in zip(range(n_clusters), colors):
    my_members = k_means_labels == k
    cluster_center = k_means_cluster_centers[k]
    ax.plot(X[my_members, 0], X[my_members, 1], "w", markerfacecolor=col, marker=".")
    ax.plot(
        cluster_center[0],
        cluster_center[1],
        "o",
        markerfacecolor=col,
        markeredgecolor="k",
        markersize=6,
    )
ax.set_title("KMeans")
ax.set_xticks(())
ax.set_yticks(())
plt.text(-3.5, 1.8, "train time: %.2fs\ninertia: %f" % (t_batch, k_means.inertia_))

## MiniBatchKMeans
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 3, 2)
for k, col in zip(range(n_clusters), colors):
    my_members = mbk_means_labels == k
    cluster_center = mbk_means_cluster_centers[k]
    ax.plot(X[my_members, 0], X[my_members, 1], "w", markerfacecolor=col, marker=".")
    ax.plot(
        cluster_center[0],
        cluster_center[1],
        "o",
        markerfacecolor=col,
        markeredgecolor="k",
        markersize=6,
    )
ax.set_title("MiniBatchKMeans")
ax.set_xticks(())
ax.set_yticks(())
plt.text(-3.5, 1.8, "train time: %.2fs\ninertia: %f" % (t_mini_batch, mbk.inertia_))

## Initialize the different array to all False
different = mbk_means_labels == 4
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 3, 3)

for k in range(n_clusters):
    different += (k_means_labels == k) != (mbk_means_labels == k)

identical = np.logical_not(different)
ax.plot(X[identical, 0], X[identical, 1], "w", markerfacecolor="#bbbbbb", marker=".")
ax.plot(X[different, 0], X[different, 1], "w", markerfacecolor="m", marker=".")
ax.set_title("Difference")
ax.set_xticks(())
ax.set_yticks(())

plt.show()

Summary

In this lab, we learned how to compare two clustering algorithms: K-Means and MiniBatchKMeans. We clustered a set of data using both algorithms and plotted the results. We also plotted the points that are labeled differently between the two algorithms. This comparison helps us to understand the differences between the two algorithms and choose the one that best suits our needs.

Comparing K-Means and MiniBatchKMeans