Encoding Label to One-Hot

Introduction

In this project, you will learn how to perform one-hot encoding on label data for a single-label classification task. One-hot encoding is a common technique used to transform categorical variables into a format that can be used by machine learning algorithms.

🎯 Tasks

In this project, you will learn:

• How to understand the concept of one-hot encoding and its importance in machine learning.
• How to implement a function to perform one-hot encoding on a list of sample labels.
• How to test the label encoding function with sample data.

🏆 Achievements

After completing this project, you will be able to:

• Transform categorical labels into a numerical format suitable for machine learning models.
• Understand the importance of data preprocessing and feature engineering in the machine learning pipeline.
• Demonstrate practical coding skills in Python to manipulate and transform data for machine learning tasks.

Skills Graph

Encoding Label to One-Hot

In this step, you will learn how to perform one-hot encoding on label data for a single-label classification task.

One-hot encoding is a common technique used to transform categorical variables into a format that can be used by machine learning algorithms. In the case of single-label classification, each unique label in the dataset is represented as a binary vector, where the position of the label in the list is marked as 1 and all other positions are 0.

Open the label_process.py file located in the /home/labex/project directory and add the following code:

def label_process(labels: List[str], sample_y: List[str]) -> List[List[int]]:
    """
    Transforms a list of sample labels into a format suitable for classification tasks.

    The function creates a binary list for each sample label, where the position
    of the label in the 'labels' list is marked as 1 and all other positions are 0.
    This is known as one-hot encoding.

    Args:
        labels (List[str]): List of unique labels/classes in the dataset.
        sample_y (List[str]): List of sample labels to be transformed.

    Returns:
        List[List[int]]: Transformed labels, each represented as a binary list corresponding
        to the positions in the 'labels' list.
    """
    train_y = []
    for y in sample_y:
        train = [0] * len(labels)
        train[labels.index(y)] = 1
        train_y.append(train)
    return train_y

1. In the label_process function, we implement the one-hot encoding logic. The function takes two arguments:
   • labels: a list of unique labels/classes in the dataset
   • sample_y: a list of sample labels to be transformed
2. Initialize an empty list called train_y to store the transformed labels.
3. Iterate through the sample_y list:
   • For each label y, create a new list train of length equal to the number of unique labels (len(labels)), and initialize all elements to 0.
   • Find the index of the current label y in the labels list using the index() method, and set the corresponding element in train to 1.
   • Append the train list to the train_y list.
4. After the loop, the train_y list will contain the one-hot encoded labels for all the samples. Return this list from the label_process function.

Testing the Label Encoding

In this step, you will test the label_process function by providing some sample data and verifying the output.

Add the following code in the label_process.py file:

## Continue in the same file
if __name__ == "__main__":
    labels = ["Python", "Java", "Tensorflow", "Springboot", "Keras"]
    sample_y = ["Python", "Python", "Python", "Java", "Java", "Keras"]
    train_y = label_process(labels, sample_y)
    print(train_y)

This code defines a list of unique labels (labels) and a list of sample labels (sample_y), then calls the label_process function and prints the resulting one-hot encoded labels.

2. Save the label_process.py file and run the script from the terminal:

python label_process.py

The output should be:

[[1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
 [1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
 [1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
 [0, 1, 0, 0, 0],
 [0, 1, 0, 0, 0],
 [0, 0, 0, 0, 1]]

This output shows the one-hot encoded labels for the sample data. Each row represents a sample, and the columns correspond to the positions of the labels in the labels list.

Congratulations! You have successfully implemented the one-hot encoding of labels for a single-label classification task.

Summary

Congratulations! You have completed this project. You can practice more labs in LabEx to improve your skills.