What does 'ls -l' show?

QuestionsQuestions8 SkillsProBasic Files OperationsSep, 03 2025
0117

The ls -l command shows a detailed list of files and directories in the current directory. The output includes the following information for each item:

  1. File type and permissions: Indicates the type of file (e.g., directory, regular file) and the permissions for the owner, group, and others.
  2. Number of links: The number of hard links to the file or directory.
  3. Owner: The username of the file's owner.
  4. Group: The group name of the file's owner.
  5. File size: The size of the file in bytes.
  6. Modification date and time: The last modified date and time of the file or directory.
  7. File or directory name: The name of the file or directory.

For example, the output might look like this:

-rw-r--r-- 1 user group  1234 Oct  1 12:34 example.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 user group  4096 Oct  1 12:34 mydir

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