What are common format specifiers?

Here are some common format specifiers used in Go's Printf function:

Common Format Specifiers:

1. String and Character:

   • %s - Formats a string.
   • %q - Formats a string as a double-quoted string (with escape characters).
   • %c - Formats a single character (rune).

2. Integer:

   • %d - Formats a decimal integer.
   • %b - Formats an integer in binary representation.
   • %o - Formats an integer in octal representation.
   • %x - Formats an integer in hexadecimal (lowercase).
   • %X - Formats an integer in hexadecimal (uppercase).

3. Floating-Point:

   • %f - Formats a floating-point number in decimal notation.
   • %e - Formats a floating-point number in scientific notation (lowercase).
   • %E - Formats a floating-point number in scientific notation (uppercase).
   • %g - Formats a floating-point number using the shortest representation between %f and %e.

4. Boolean:

   • %t - Formats a boolean value (true or false).

5. Pointer:

   • %p - Formats a pointer address in hexadecimal.

6. Default Format:

   • %v - Formats the value in its default format.
   • %+v - Formats a struct with field names.
   • %#v - Formats the value in Go-syntax representation.

7. Width and Precision:

   • %5d - Right-aligns an integer with a width of 5.
   • %-5s - Left-aligns a string with a width of 5.
   • %10.2f - Formats a floating-point number with a width of 10 and 2 decimal places.

Example Usage:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    name := "Alice"
    age := 30
    height := 5.6

    fmt.Printf("Name: %s\n", name)
    fmt.Printf("Age: %d\n", age)
    fmt.Printf("Height: %.1f\n", height)
}

Output:

Name: Alice
Age: 30
Height: 5.6

These format specifiers provide flexibility in how you present data in your Go programs.