What are common encoding schemes?

Common encoding schemes include:

1. UTF-8: A variable-length encoding that can represent every character in the Unicode character set. It's widely used on the web and supports all characters.

2. ASCII: A 7-bit character encoding that represents English characters. It includes 128 characters (0-127) and is limited to basic Latin letters, digits, and some control characters.

3. UTF-16: A variable-length encoding that uses one or two 16-bit code units to represent characters. It's commonly used in environments where Unicode support is needed.

4. ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1): A single-byte character encoding that can represent the first 256 Unicode characters. It's used for Western European languages.

5. Windows-1252: A superset of ISO-8859-1 used in Microsoft Windows. It includes additional characters for Western European languages.

6. UTF-32: A fixed-length encoding that uses 32 bits for each character. It can represent all Unicode characters but is less efficient in terms of space compared to UTF-8 and UTF-16.

These encoding schemes are used based on the specific requirements of the application, such as language support and data size considerations.