How to make IP address permanent?

To make an IP address permanent, you typically need to configure a static IP address on your device or in your network settings. Here are the steps for different operating systems:

For Windows:

1. Open Control Panel.
2. Go to Network and Sharing Center.
3. Click on Change adapter settings.
4. Right-click on your network connection and select Properties.
5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.
6. Choose Use the following IP address and enter your desired IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.
7. Click OK to save the settings.

For macOS:

1. Open System Preferences.
2. Click on Network.
3. Select your network connection (e.g., Wi-Fi or Ethernet).
4. Click on Advanced.
5. Go to the TCP/IP tab.
6. Change Configure IPv4 to Manually.
7. Enter your desired IP address, subnet mask, and router address.
8. Click OK and then Apply.

For Linux:

1. Open a terminal.
2. Edit the network configuration file. For example, for Ubuntu, you can use:

   sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

3. Add or modify the configuration to set a static IP:

   network:
     version: 2
     ethernets:
       eth0:
         dhcp: no
         addresses:
           - 192.168.1.100/24
         gateway4: 192.168.1.1
         nameservers:
           addresses:
             - 8.8.8.8
             - 8.8.4.4

4. Save the file and apply the changes:

   sudo netplan apply

For Routers:

1. Log in to your router's web interface.
2. Look for DHCP settings or LAN settings.
3. Find the option to assign a static IP address to a specific MAC address.
4. Enter the MAC address of your device and the desired IP address.
5. Save the settings.

After following these steps, your device should retain the same IP address even after reboots or disconnections.