How do you redirect all output (stdout and stderr) to a file?

To redirect all output, including both standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr), to a file in Linux, you can use the following syntax:

command > output.txt 2>&1

Explanation:

• command: This is the command whose output you want to redirect.
• > output.txt: This redirects the standard output (stdout) to output.txt.
• 2>&1: This redirects the standard error (stderr, represented by file descriptor 2) to the same location as standard output (file descriptor 1).

Example:

ls non_existent_file > output.txt 2>&1

In this example, both the output of the ls command and any error messages will be written to output.txt.