Explain the concept of polymorphism in C++.

Polymorphism in C++ is a core concept of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) that allows functions or methods to operate in different ways based on the context. There are two main types of polymorphism:

1. Compile-time Polymorphism (Static Polymorphism): This is achieved through function overloading and operator overloading. The function to be executed is determined at compile time.

   Example of function overloading:

   class Print {
   public:
       void show(int i) {
           std::cout << "Integer: " << i << std::endl;
       }
       void show(double d) {
           std::cout << "Double: " << d << std::endl;
       }
   };

2. Runtime Polymorphism (Dynamic Polymorphism): This is achieved through inheritance and virtual functions. The function to be executed is determined at runtime based on the object type.

   Example of runtime polymorphism:

   class Base {
   public:
       virtual void show() {
           std::cout << "Base class show function called." << std::endl;
       }
   };
   
   class Derived : public Base {
   public:
       void show() override {
           std::cout << "Derived class show function called." << std::endl;
       }
   };
   
   void display(Base* b) {
       b->show(); // Calls the appropriate show() function based on the object type
   }
   
   int main() {
       Base b;
       Derived d;
       display(&b); // Calls Base's show
       display(&d); // Calls Derived's show
       return 0;
   }

In summary, polymorphism allows for flexibility and the ability to define a single interface for different data types, enhancing code reusability and maintainability.