External commands are programs that are not built into the shell but are stored as executable files on the filesystem. Here are some key points about external commands:
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Location: They are usually found in directories like
/bin,/usr/bin, or/usr/local/bin. You can check their location using thewhichcommand (e.g.,which ls). -
Execution: When you run an external command, the shell creates a new process to execute it. This is different from built-in commands, which run in the current shell process.
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Examples: Common external commands include:
ls: Lists directory contents.cp: Copies files and directories.mv: Moves or renames files and directories.rm: Removes files or directories.
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Dependencies: External commands may rely on libraries or other files to function properly, which can affect their behavior if those dependencies are missing.
If you want to learn more about specific external commands or how to use them, let me know!
