创建一个完整的表单验证系统
在这最后一步中，我们将构建一个完整的表单验证系统，该系统将整合我们所学的所有技术。我们将创建一个更具模块化、可复用的验证系统，以便能轻松地为不同应用程序进行扩展。
创建一个验证工具类
让我们先创建一个封装验证方法的工具类：
-
在 WebIDE 中创建一个名为 InputValidator.java 的新文件。
-
在文件中添加以下代码：
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
/**
* Utility class for validating user input
*/
public class InputValidator {
// Regular expression patterns
private static final String USERNAME_PATTERN = "^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{3,15}$";
private static final String EMAIL_PATTERN = "^[a-zA-Z0-9_+&*-]+(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9_+&*-]+)*@(?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,7}$";
private static final String PHONE_PATTERN = "^\\d{3}-\\d{3}-\\d{4}$";
private static final String PASSWORD_PATTERN = "^(?=.*[0-9])(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[@#$%^&+=])(?=\\S+$).{8,}$";
/**
* Validates a username
* @param username The username to validate
* @return true if the username is valid, false otherwise
*/
public static boolean isValidUsername(String username) {
if (username == null) {
return false;
}
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(USERNAME_PATTERN);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(username);
return matcher.matches();
}
/**
* Validates an email address
* @param email The email to validate
* @return true if the email is valid, false otherwise
*/
public static boolean isValidEmail(String email) {
if (email == null) {
return false;
}
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(EMAIL_PATTERN);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(email);
return matcher.matches();
}
/**
* Validates a phone number
* @param phone The phone number to validate
* @return true if the phone number is valid, false otherwise
*/
public static boolean isValidPhone(String phone) {
if (phone == null) {
return false;
}
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(PHONE_PATTERN);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(phone);
return matcher.matches();
}
/**
* Validates an age
* @param age The age to validate
* @return true if the age is valid, false otherwise
*/
public static boolean isValidAge(int age) {
return age >= 0 && age <= 120;
}
/**
* Validates a password
* @param password The password to validate
* @return true if the password is valid, false otherwise
*/
public static boolean isValidPassword(String password) {
if (password == null) {
return false;
}
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(PASSWORD_PATTERN);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(password);
return matcher.matches();
}
/**
* Gets the error message for an invalid username
* @return The error message
*/
public static String getUsernameErrorMessage() {
return "Username must be 3-15 characters long and contain only letters, numbers, or underscores.";
}
/**
* Gets the error message for an invalid email
* @return The error message
*/
public static String getEmailErrorMessage() {
return "Please enter a valid email address.";
}
/**
* Gets the error message for an invalid phone number
* @return The error message
*/
public static String getPhoneErrorMessage() {
return "Please enter a valid phone number in the format 123-456-7890.";
}
/**
* Gets the error message for an invalid age
* @return The error message
*/
public static String getAgeErrorMessage() {
return "Age must be between 0 and 120.";
}
/**
* Gets the error message for an invalid password
* @return The error message
*/
public static String getPasswordErrorMessage() {
return "Password must be at least 8 characters long and contain at least one digit, one lowercase letter, one uppercase letter, one special character, and no whitespace.";
}
}
- 按
Ctrl+S 保存文件。
创建一个完整的注册表单
现在，让我们创建一个使用 InputValidator 类的新版注册表单：
-
在 WebIDE 中创建一个名为 CompleteRegistrationForm.java 的新文件。
-
在文件中添加以下代码：
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CompleteRegistrationForm {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
// Collect and validate user information
String username = getValidInput(scanner, "Username", InputValidator::isValidUsername, InputValidator.getUsernameErrorMessage());
int age = getValidAge(scanner);
String email = getValidInput(scanner, "Email", InputValidator::isValidEmail, InputValidator.getEmailErrorMessage());
String phone = getValidInput(scanner, "Phone number (format: 123-456-7890)", InputValidator::isValidPhone, InputValidator.getPhoneErrorMessage());
String password = getValidInput(scanner, "Password", InputValidator::isValidPassword, InputValidator.getPasswordErrorMessage());
// Display the registration information
System.out.println("\nRegistration Successful!");
System.out.println("Username: " + username);
System.out.println("Age: " + age);
System.out.println("Email: " + email);
System.out.println("Phone: " + phone);
System.out.println("Password: " + maskPassword(password));
scanner.close();
}
/**
* Generic method to get valid input from the user
* @param scanner The scanner to read input
* @param fieldName The name of the field being validated
* @param validator The validation function
* @param errorMessage The error message to display
* @return The validated input
*/
private static String getValidInput(Scanner scanner, String fieldName, java.util.function.Predicate<String> validator, String errorMessage) {
String input;
boolean validInput = false;
do {
System.out.print("Enter your " + fieldName + ": ");
input = scanner.nextLine().trim();
if (!validator.test(input)) {
System.out.println("Error: " + errorMessage);
} else {
validInput = true;
}
} while (!validInput);
return input;
}
/**
* Gets a valid age from the user
* @param scanner The scanner to read input
* @return The validated age
*/
private static int getValidAge(Scanner scanner) {
int age = 0;
boolean validAge = false;
while (!validAge) {
try {
System.out.print("Enter your age (0-120): ");
age = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());
if (!InputValidator.isValidAge(age)) {
System.out.println("Error: " + InputValidator.getAgeErrorMessage());
} else {
validAge = true;
}
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("Error: Please enter a valid numeric age.");
}
}
return age;
}
/**
* Masks a password for display
* @param password The password to mask
* @return The masked password
*/
private static String maskPassword(String password) {
if (password == null || password.isEmpty()) {
return "";
}
return "*".repeat(password.length());
}
}
-
按 Ctrl+S 保存文件。
-
编译这两个 Java 文件：
javac InputValidator.java
javac CompleteRegistrationForm.java
- 运行注册表单程序：
java CompleteRegistrationForm
- 按照提示为每个字段输入有效信息。程序将根据
InputValidator 类中定义的规则验证每个输入。
示例交互：
Enter your Username: john_doe
Enter your age (0-120): 35
Enter your Email: [email protected]
Enter your Phone number (format: 123-456-7890): 123-456-7890
Enter your Password: weakpw
Error: Password must be at least 8 characters long and contain at least one digit, one lowercase letter, one uppercase letter, one special character, and no whitespace.
Enter your Password: P@ssw0rd123
Registration Successful!
Username: john_doe
Age: 35
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 123-456-7890
Password: ***********
这种方法的优点
我们在这个最终示例中采用的方法有几个优点：
- 模块化：验证逻辑被分离到一个可复用的工具类中。
- 可扩展性：可以轻松地向
InputValidator 类中添加新的验证规则。
- 可维护性：错误消息集中管理，便于更新。
- 代码复用：
getValidInput 方法是通用的，可用于不同类型的输入。
- 安全性：向用户显示密码时会进行掩码处理。
这种设计遵循了良好的软件工程原则，能轻松地为不同应用程序调整验证系统。
