How to redirect both stdout and stderr?

To redirect both standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr) to the same file, you can use the following syntax in a Unix-like shell:

command > output.txt 2>&1

In this command:

• command is the command you want to run.
• > redirects the standard output to output.txt.
• 2>&1 redirects standard error (file descriptor 2) to the same location as standard output (file descriptor 1).

Alternatively, you can also use the following syntax, which is more concise:

command &> output.txt

This will achieve the same result, redirecting both stdout and stderr to output.txt.

If you want to append the output instead of overwriting the file, you can use:

command >> output.txt 2>&1

or

command &>> output.txt