Explain parent directory in file systems?

In file systems, a parent directory is the directory that contains another directory or file. It is one level up in the hierarchy.

For example, if you have a file path like /home/user/documents/report.txt:

• The parent directory of report.txt is documents.
• The parent directory of documents is user.
• The parent directory of user is home.

You can navigate to the parent directory using the .. notation in command-line interfaces. For instance, if you are in the documents directory, running cd .. will take you to the user directory.