플롯 함수 정의
다음으로, 예제 플롯을 생성하는 데 사용될 플롯 함수를 정의해야 합니다. 이 단계에서는 다음 플롯 함수를 정의합니다.
plot_scatter(): 산점도 생성
plot_colored_lines(): 스타일 색상 순환에 따라 색상이 있는 선을 플롯
plot_bar_graphs(): 막대 그래프 생성
plot_colored_circles(): 원형 패치 플롯
plot_image_and_patch(): 원형 패치가 있는 이미지 플롯
plot_histograms(): 히스토그램 생성
def plot_scatter(ax, prng, nb_samples=100):
"""Scatter plot."""
for mu, sigma, marker in [(-.5, 0.75, 'o'), (0.75, 1., 's')]:
x, y = prng.normal(loc=mu, scale=sigma, size=(2, nb_samples))
ax.plot(x, y, ls='none', marker=marker)
ax.set_xlabel('X-label')
ax.set_title('Axes title')
return ax
def plot_colored_lines(ax):
"""Plot lines with colors following the style color cycle."""
t = np.linspace(-10, 10, 100)
def sigmoid(t, t0):
return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-(t - t0)))
nb_colors = len(plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'])
shifts = np.linspace(-5, 5, nb_colors)
amplitudes = np.linspace(1, 1.5, nb_colors)
for t0, a in zip(shifts, amplitudes):
ax.plot(t, a * sigmoid(t, t0), '-')
ax.set_xlim(-10, 10)
return ax
def plot_bar_graphs(ax, prng, min_value=5, max_value=25, nb_samples=5):
"""Plot two bar graphs side by side, with letters as x-tick labels."""
x = np.arange(nb_samples)
ya, yb = prng.randint(min_value, max_value, size=(2, nb_samples))
width = 0.25
ax.bar(x, ya, width)
ax.bar(x + width, yb, width, color='C2')
ax.set_xticks(x + width, labels=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'])
return ax
def plot_colored_circles(ax, prng, nb_samples=15):
"""
Plot circle patches.
NB: draws a fixed amount of samples, rather than using the length of
the color cycle, because different styles may have different numbers
of colors.
"""
for sty_dict, j in zip(plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'](),
range(nb_samples)):
ax.add_patch(plt.Circle(prng.normal(scale=3, size=2),
radius=1.0, color=sty_dict['color']))
ax.grid(visible=True)
## Add title for enabling grid
plt.title('ax.grid(True)', family='monospace', fontsize='small')
ax.set_xlim([-4, 8])
ax.set_ylim([-5, 6])
ax.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box') ## to plot circles as circles
return ax
def plot_image_and_patch(ax, prng, size=(20, 20)):
"""Plot an image with random values and superimpose a circular patch."""
values = prng.random_sample(size=size)
ax.imshow(values, interpolation='none')
c = plt.Circle((5, 5), radius=5, label='patch')
ax.add_patch(c)
## Remove ticks
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
def plot_histograms(ax, prng, nb_samples=10000):
"""Plot 4 histograms and a text annotation."""
params = ((10, 10), (4, 12), (50, 12), (6, 55))
for a, b in params:
values = prng.beta(a, b, size=nb_samples)
ax.hist(values, histtype="stepfilled", bins=30,
alpha=0.8, density=True)
## Add a small annotation.
ax.annotate('Annotation', xy=(0.25, 4.25),
xytext=(0.9, 0.9), textcoords=ax.transAxes,
va="top", ha="right",
bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", alpha=0.2),
arrowprops=dict(
arrowstyle="->",
connectionstyle="angle,angleA=-95,angleB=35,rad=10"),
)
return ax