Scatter Hist Locatable Axes: Visualizing Data with Python

Introduction

In data visualization, scatter plots are used to show the relationship between two variables. Additionally, histograms are useful for showing the distribution of a single variable. In this tutorial, you will learn how to create a scatter plot with histograms using Python's Matplotlib library.

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Skills Graph

%%%%{init: {'theme':'neutral'}}%%%% flowchart RL matplotlib(("`Matplotlib`")) -.-> matplotlib/BasicConceptsGroup(["`Basic Concepts`"]) matplotlib(("`Matplotlib`")) -.-> matplotlib/PlottingDataGroup(["`Plotting Data`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/BasicConceptsGroup(["`Basic Concepts`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/DataStructuresGroup(["`Data Structures`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/ModulesandPackagesGroup(["`Modules and Packages`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/PythonStandardLibraryGroup(["`Python Standard Library`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/DataScienceandMachineLearningGroup(["`Data Science and Machine Learning`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/FunctionsGroup(["`Functions`"]) matplotlib/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> matplotlib/importing_matplotlib("`Importing Matplotlib`") matplotlib/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> matplotlib/figures_axes("`Understanding Figures and Axes`") matplotlib/PlottingDataGroup -.-> matplotlib/scatter_plots("`Scatter Plots`") matplotlib/PlottingDataGroup -.-> matplotlib/histograms("`Histograms`") python/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> python/variables_data_types("`Variables and Data Types`") python/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> python/numeric_types("`Numeric Types`") python/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> python/booleans("`Booleans`") python/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> python/type_conversion("`Type Conversion`") python/DataStructuresGroup -.-> python/lists("`Lists`") python/DataStructuresGroup -.-> python/tuples("`Tuples`") python/ModulesandPackagesGroup -.-> python/importing_modules("`Importing Modules`") python/ModulesandPackagesGroup -.-> python/using_packages("`Using Packages`") python/ModulesandPackagesGroup -.-> python/standard_libraries("`Common Standard Libraries`") python/PythonStandardLibraryGroup -.-> python/math_random("`Math and Random`") python/DataScienceandMachineLearningGroup -.-> python/numerical_computing("`Numerical Computing`") python/DataScienceandMachineLearningGroup -.-> python/data_visualization("`Data Visualization`") python/FunctionsGroup -.-> python/build_in_functions("`Build-in Functions`") subgraph Lab Skills matplotlib/importing_matplotlib -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} matplotlib/figures_axes -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} matplotlib/scatter_plots -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} matplotlib/histograms -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/variables_data_types -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/numeric_types -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/booleans -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/type_conversion -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/lists -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/tuples -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/importing_modules -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/using_packages -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/standard_libraries -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/math_random -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/numerical_computing -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/data_visualization -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} python/build_in_functions -.-> lab-48913{{"`Scatter Hist Locatable Axes`"}} end

Import Required Libraries

In this step, we will import the necessary libraries.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import make_axes_locatable

Create Random Data

In this step, we will create random data to use for the scatter plot.

np.random.seed(19680801)
x = np.random.randn(1000)
y = np.random.randn(1000)

Create Scatter Plot

In this step, we will create a scatter plot using the random data from Step 2.

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5.5, 5.5))
ax.scatter(x, y)
ax.set_aspect(1.)

Create Histograms

In this step, we will create histograms for the x and y variables using make_axes_locatable from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.

divider = make_axes_locatable(ax)
ax_histx = divider.append_axes("top", 1.2, pad=0.1, sharex=ax)
ax_histy = divider.append_axes("right", 1.2, pad=0.1, sharey=ax)

ax_histx.xaxis.set_tick_params(labelbottom=False)
ax_histy.yaxis.set_tick_params(labelleft=False)

binwidth = 0.25
xymax = max(np.max(np.abs(x)), np.max(np.abs(y)))
lim = (int(xymax/binwidth) + 1)*binwidth
bins = np.arange(-lim, lim + binwidth, binwidth)

ax_histx.hist(x, bins=bins)
ax_histy.hist(y, bins=bins, orientation='horizontal')

ax_histx.set_yticks([0, 50, 100])
ax_histy.set_xticks([0, 50, 100])

Display Plot

In this step, we will display the scatter plot with histograms.

plt.show()

Summary

In this tutorial, you learned how to create a scatter plot with histograms using Python's Matplotlib library. You first imported the necessary libraries, then created random data for the scatter plot. Next, you created the scatter plot and histograms using make_axes_locatable. Finally, you displayed the plot.

Scatter Hist Locatable Axes