Create Pie and Donut Charts with Python Matplotlib

Introduction

In this lab, we will create a pie and a donut chart using Python's Matplotlib library. We will learn how to label them with a legend as well as with annotations.

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Skills Graph

%%%%{init: {'theme':'neutral'}}%%%% flowchart RL matplotlib(("`Matplotlib`")) -.-> matplotlib/BasicConceptsGroup(["`Basic Concepts`"]) matplotlib(("`Matplotlib`")) -.-> matplotlib/PlotCustomizationGroup(["`Plot Customization`"]) matplotlib(("`Matplotlib`")) -.-> matplotlib/SpecializedPlotsGroup(["`Specialized Plots`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/BasicConceptsGroup(["`Basic Concepts`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/ControlFlowGroup(["`Control Flow`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/DataStructuresGroup(["`Data Structures`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/FunctionsGroup(["`Functions`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/ModulesandPackagesGroup(["`Modules and Packages`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/PythonStandardLibraryGroup(["`Python Standard Library`"]) python(("`Python`")) -.-> python/DataScienceandMachineLearningGroup(["`Data Science and Machine Learning`"]) matplotlib/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> matplotlib/importing_matplotlib("`Importing Matplotlib`") matplotlib/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> matplotlib/figures_axes("`Understanding Figures and Axes`") matplotlib/PlotCustomizationGroup -.-> matplotlib/line_styles_colors("`Customizing Line Styles and Colors`") matplotlib/PlotCustomizationGroup -.-> matplotlib/legend_config("`Legend Configuration`") matplotlib/PlotCustomizationGroup -.-> matplotlib/text_annotations("`Text Annotations`") matplotlib/SpecializedPlotsGroup -.-> matplotlib/pie_charts("`Pie Charts`") python/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> python/variables_data_types("`Variables and Data Types`") python/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> python/numeric_types("`Numeric Types`") python/BasicConceptsGroup -.-> python/type_conversion("`Type Conversion`") python/ControlFlowGroup -.-> python/for_loops("`For Loops`") python/ControlFlowGroup -.-> python/list_comprehensions("`List Comprehensions`") python/DataStructuresGroup -.-> python/lists("`Lists`") python/DataStructuresGroup -.-> python/tuples("`Tuples`") python/DataStructuresGroup -.-> python/dictionaries("`Dictionaries`") python/FunctionsGroup -.-> python/function_definition("`Function Definition`") python/FunctionsGroup -.-> python/lambda_functions("`Lambda Functions`") python/ModulesandPackagesGroup -.-> python/importing_modules("`Importing Modules`") python/PythonStandardLibraryGroup -.-> python/data_collections("`Data Collections`") python/DataScienceandMachineLearningGroup -.-> python/numerical_computing("`Numerical Computing`") python/DataScienceandMachineLearningGroup -.-> python/data_visualization("`Data Visualization`") python/FunctionsGroup -.-> python/build_in_functions("`Build-in Functions`") subgraph Lab Skills matplotlib/importing_matplotlib -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} matplotlib/figures_axes -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} matplotlib/line_styles_colors -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} matplotlib/legend_config -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} matplotlib/text_annotations -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} matplotlib/pie_charts -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/variables_data_types -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/numeric_types -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/type_conversion -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/for_loops -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/list_comprehensions -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/lists -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/tuples -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/dictionaries -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/function_definition -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/lambda_functions -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/importing_modules -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/data_collections -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/numerical_computing -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/data_visualization -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} python/build_in_functions -.-> lab-48866{{"`Pie and Donut Chart`"}} end

Import necessary libraries and create a figure with subplots

We start by importing the necessary libraries and creating a figure with subplots.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 3), subplot_kw=dict(aspect="equal"))

Create a Pie Chart

We will now create a pie chart for a recipe that has four ingredients: flour, sugar, butter, and berries.

recipe = ["375 g flour",
          "75 g sugar",
          "250 g butter",
          "300 g berries"]

data = [float(x.split()[0]) for x in recipe]
ingredients = [x.split()[-1] for x in recipe]

def func(pct, allvals):
    absolute = int(np.round(pct/100.*np.sum(allvals)))
    return f"{pct:.1f}%\n({absolute:d} g)"

wedges, texts, autotexts = ax.pie(data, autopct=lambda pct: func(pct, data),
                                  textprops=dict(color="w"))

ax.legend(wedges, ingredients,
          title="Ingredients",
          loc="center left",
          bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0, 0.5, 1))

plt.setp(autotexts, size=8, weight="bold")

ax.set_title("Matplotlib bakery: A pie")

plt.show()

Create a Donut Chart

We will now create a donut chart for a recipe that has six ingredients: flour, sugar, egg, butter, milk, and yeast.

recipe = ["225 g flour",
          "90 g sugar",
          "1 egg",
          "60 g butter",
          "100 ml milk",
          "1/2 package of yeast"]

data = [225, 90, 50, 60, 100, 5]

wedges, texts = ax.pie(data, wedgeprops=dict(width=0.5), startangle=-40)

bbox_props = dict(boxstyle="square,pad=0.3", fc="w", ec="k", lw=0.72)
kw = dict(arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-"),
          bbox=bbox_props, zorder=0, va="center")

for i, p in enumerate(wedges):
    ang = (p.theta2 - p.theta1)/2. + p.theta1
    y = np.sin(np.deg2rad(ang))
    x = np.cos(np.deg2rad(ang))
    horizontalalignment = {-1: "right", 1: "left"}[int(np.sign(x))]
    connectionstyle = f"angle,angleA=0,angleB={ang}"
    kw["arrowprops"].update({"connectionstyle": connectionstyle})
    ax.annotate(recipe[i], xy=(x, y), xytext=(1.35*np.sign(x), 1.4*y),
                horizontalalignment=horizontalalignment, **kw)

ax.set_title("Matplotlib bakery: A donut")

plt.show()

Conclusion

We have learned how to create a pie and a donut chart using Matplotlib, and how to label them with a legend and annotations.

Summary

In this lab, we learned how to create a pie and a donut chart using Python's Matplotlib library. We also learned how to label them with a legend and annotations.

Pie and Donut Chart