Define the plot functions
Next, you need to define the plot functions that will be used to create the example plots. In this step, you will define the following plot functions:
plot_scatter()
: creates a scatter plot
plot_colored_lines()
: plots lines with colors following the style color cycle
plot_bar_graphs()
: creates a bar graph
plot_colored_circles()
: plots circle patches
plot_image_and_patch()
: plots an image with a circular patch
plot_histograms()
: creates histograms
def plot_scatter(ax, prng, nb_samples=100):
"""Scatter plot."""
for mu, sigma, marker in [(-.5, 0.75, 'o'), (0.75, 1., 's')]:
x, y = prng.normal(loc=mu, scale=sigma, size=(2, nb_samples))
ax.plot(x, y, ls='none', marker=marker)
ax.set_xlabel('X-label')
ax.set_title('Axes title')
return ax
def plot_colored_lines(ax):
"""Plot lines with colors following the style color cycle."""
t = np.linspace(-10, 10, 100)
def sigmoid(t, t0):
return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-(t - t0)))
nb_colors = len(plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'])
shifts = np.linspace(-5, 5, nb_colors)
amplitudes = np.linspace(1, 1.5, nb_colors)
for t0, a in zip(shifts, amplitudes):
ax.plot(t, a * sigmoid(t, t0), '-')
ax.set_xlim(-10, 10)
return ax
def plot_bar_graphs(ax, prng, min_value=5, max_value=25, nb_samples=5):
"""Plot two bar graphs side by side, with letters as x-tick labels."""
x = np.arange(nb_samples)
ya, yb = prng.randint(min_value, max_value, size=(2, nb_samples))
width = 0.25
ax.bar(x, ya, width)
ax.bar(x + width, yb, width, color='C2')
ax.set_xticks(x + width, labels=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'])
return ax
def plot_colored_circles(ax, prng, nb_samples=15):
"""
Plot circle patches.
NB: draws a fixed amount of samples, rather than using the length of
the color cycle, because different styles may have different numbers
of colors.
"""
for sty_dict, j in zip(plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'](),
range(nb_samples)):
ax.add_patch(plt.Circle(prng.normal(scale=3, size=2),
radius=1.0, color=sty_dict['color']))
ax.grid(visible=True)
## Add title for enabling grid
plt.title('ax.grid(True)', family='monospace', fontsize='small')
ax.set_xlim([-4, 8])
ax.set_ylim([-5, 6])
ax.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box') ## to plot circles as circles
return ax
def plot_image_and_patch(ax, prng, size=(20, 20)):
"""Plot an image with random values and superimpose a circular patch."""
values = prng.random_sample(size=size)
ax.imshow(values, interpolation='none')
c = plt.Circle((5, 5), radius=5, label='patch')
ax.add_patch(c)
## Remove ticks
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
def plot_histograms(ax, prng, nb_samples=10000):
"""Plot 4 histograms and a text annotation."""
params = ((10, 10), (4, 12), (50, 12), (6, 55))
for a, b in params:
values = prng.beta(a, b, size=nb_samples)
ax.hist(values, histtype="stepfilled", bins=30,
alpha=0.8, density=True)
## Add a small annotation.
ax.annotate('Annotation', xy=(0.25, 4.25),
xytext=(0.9, 0.9), textcoords=ax.transAxes,
va="top", ha="right",
bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", alpha=0.2),
arrowprops=dict(
arrowstyle="->",
connectionstyle="angle,angleA=-95,angleB=35,rad=10"),
)
return ax