Matplotlib Game: Pong

Introduction

In this lab, you will learn how to create an interactive game of Pong using Matplotlib. Pong is a classic arcade game that involves two players hitting a ball back and forth across a virtual playing field using paddles. This lab will guide you through the process of building your own Pong game using Python and Matplotlib.

VM Tips

After the VM startup is done, click the top left corner to switch to the Notebook tab to access Jupyter Notebook for practice.

Sometimes, you may need to wait a few seconds for Jupyter Notebook to finish loading. The validation of operations cannot be automated because of limitations in Jupyter Notebook.

If you face issues during learning, feel free to ask Labby. Provide feedback after the session, and we will promptly resolve the problem for you.

Install Matplotlib

Before we get started, we need to make sure that Matplotlib is installed. You can install Matplotlib using pip by running the following command in your terminal:

pip install matplotlib

Import Libraries

The first thing we need to do is import the necessary libraries. We will be using time, numpy, and matplotlib.

import time
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

Define the Pad and Puck Classes

Next, we need to define the Pad and Puck classes. The Pad class represents the paddles used by the players, while the Puck class represents the ball.

class Pad:
    def __init__(self, disp, x, y, type='l'):
        self.disp = disp
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.w = .3
        self.score = 0
        self.xoffset = 0.3
        self.yoffset = 0.1
        if type == 'r':
            self.xoffset *= -1.0

        if type == 'l' or type == 'r':
            self.signx = -1.0
            self.signy = 1.0
        else:
            self.signx = 1.0
            self.signy = -1.0

    def contains(self, loc):
        return self.disp.get_bbox().contains(loc.x, loc.y)


class Puck:
    def __init__(self, disp, pad, field):
        self.vmax = .2
        self.disp = disp
        self.field = field
        self._reset(pad)

    def _reset(self, pad):
        self.x = pad.x + pad.xoffset
        if pad.y < 0:
            self.y = pad.y + pad.yoffset
        else:
            self.y = pad.y - pad.yoffset
        self.vx = pad.x - self.x
        self.vy = pad.y + pad.w/2 - self.y
        self._speedlimit()
        self._slower()
        self._slower()

    def update(self, pads):
        self.x += self.vx
        self.y += self.vy
        for pad in pads:
            if pad.contains(self):
                self.vx *= 1.2 * pad.signx
                self.vy *= 1.2 * pad.signy
        fudge = .001
        ## probably cleaner with something like...
        if self.x < fudge:
            pads[1].score += 1
            self._reset(pads[0])
            return True
        if self.x > 7 - fudge:
            pads[0].score += 1
            self._reset(pads[1])
            return True
        if self.y < -1 + fudge or self.y > 1 - fudge:
            self.vy *= -1.0
            ## add some randomness, just to make it interesting
            self.vy -= (randn()/300.0 + 1/300.0) * np.sign(self.vy)
        self._speedlimit()
        return False

    def _slower(self):
        self.vx /= 5.0
        self.vy /= 5.0

    def _faster(self):
        self.vx *= 5.0
        self.vy *= 5.0

    def _speedlimit(self):
        if self.vx > self.vmax:
            self.vx = self.vmax
        if self.vx < -self.vmax:
            self.vx = -self.vmax

        if self.vy > self.vmax:
            self.vy = self.vmax
        if self.vy < -self.vmax:
            self.vy = -self.vmax

Define the Game Class

Now that we have the Pad and Puck classes defined, we can move on to defining the Game class. This class will be responsible for handling the game logic and drawing the game on the screen.

class Game:
    def __init__(self, ax):
        ## create the initial line
        self.ax = ax
        ax.xaxis.set_visible(False)
        ax.set_xlim([0, 7])
        ax.yaxis.set_visible(False)
        ax.set_ylim([-1, 1])
        pad_a_x = 0
        pad_b_x = .50
        pad_a_y = pad_b_y = .30
        pad_b_x += 6.3

        ## pads
        pA, = self.ax.barh(pad_a_y, .2,
                           height=.3, color='k', alpha=.5, edgecolor='b',
                           lw=2, label="Player B",
                           animated=True)
        pB, = self.ax.barh(pad_b_y, .2,
                           height=.3, left=pad_b_x, color='k', alpha=.5,
                           edgecolor='r', lw=2, label="Player A",
                           animated=True)

        ## distractors
        self.x = np.arange(0, 2.22*np.pi, 0.01)
        self.line, = self.ax.plot(self.x, np.sin(self.x), "r",
                                  animated=True, lw=4)
        self.line2, = self.ax.plot(self.x, np.cos(self.x), "g",
                                   animated=True, lw=4)
        self.line3, = self.ax.plot(self.x, np.cos(self.x), "g",
                                   animated=True, lw=4)
        self.line4, = self.ax.plot(self.x, np.cos(self.x), "r",
                                   animated=True, lw=4)

        ## center line
        self.centerline, = self.ax.plot([3.5, 3.5], [1, -1], 'k',
                                        alpha=.5, animated=True, lw=8)

        ## puck (s)
        self.puckdisp = self.ax.scatter([1], [1], label='_nolegend_',
                                        s=200, c='g',
                                        alpha=.9, animated=True)

        self.canvas = self.ax.figure.canvas
        self.background = None
        self.cnt = 0
        self.distract = True
        self.res = 100.0
        self.on = False
        self.inst = True    ## show instructions from the beginning
        self.pads = [Pad(pA, pad_a_x, pad_a_y),
                     Pad(pB, pad_b_x, pad_b_y, 'r')]
        self.pucks = []
        self.i = self.ax.annotate(instructions, (.5, 0.5),
                                  name='monospace',
                                  verticalalignment='center',
                                  horizontalalignment='center',
                                  multialignment='left',
                                  xycoords='axes fraction',
                                  animated=False)
        self.canvas.mpl_connect('key_press_event', self.on_key_press)

    def draw(self):
        draw_artist = self.ax.draw_artist
        if self.background is None:
            self.background = self.canvas.copy_from_bbox(self.ax.bbox)

        ## restore the clean slate background
        self.canvas.restore_region(self.background)

        ## show the distractors
        if self.distract:
            self.line.set_ydata(np.sin(self.x + self.cnt/self.res))
            self.line2.set_ydata(np.cos(self.x - self.cnt/self.res))
            self.line3.set_ydata(np.tan(self.x + self.cnt/self.res))
            self.line4.set_ydata(np.tan(self.x - self.cnt/self.res))
            draw_artist(self.line)
            draw_artist(self.line2)
            draw_artist(self.line3)
            draw_artist(self.line4)

        ## pucks and pads
        if self.on:
            self.ax.draw_artist(self.centerline)
            for pad in self.pads:
                pad.disp.set_y(pad.y)
                pad.disp.set_x(pad.x)
                self.ax.draw_artist(pad.disp)

            for puck in self.pucks:
                if puck.update(self.pads):
                    ## we only get here if someone scored
                    self.pads[0].disp.set_label(f"   {self.pads[0].score}")
                    self.pads[1].disp.set_label(f"   {self.pads[1].score}")
                    self.ax.legend(loc='center', framealpha=.2,
                                   facecolor='0.5',
                                   prop=FontProperties(size='xx-large',
                                                       weight='bold'))

                    self.background = None
                    self.ax.figure.canvas.draw_idle()
                    return
                puck.disp.set_offsets([[puck.x, puck.y]])
                self.ax.draw_artist(puck.disp)

        ## just redraw the axes rectangle
        self.canvas.blit(self.ax.bbox)
        self.canvas.flush_events()
        if self.cnt == 50000:
            ## just so we don't get carried away
            print("...and you've been playing for too long!!!")
            plt.close()

        self.cnt += 1

    def on_key_press(self, event):
        if event.key == '3':
            self.res *= 5.0
        if event.key == '4':
            self.res /= 5.0

        if event.key == 'e':
            self.pads[0].y += .1
            if self.pads[0].y > 1 - .3:
                self.pads[0].y = 1 - .3
        if event.key == 'd':
            self.pads[0].y -= .1
            if self.pads[0].y < -1:
                self.pads[0].y = -1

        if event.key == 'i':
            self.pads[1].y += .1
            if self.pads[1].y > 1 - .3:
                self.pads[1].y = 1 - .3
        if event.key == 'k':
            self.pads[1].y -= .1
            if self.pads[1].y < -1:
                self.pads[1].y = -1

        if event.key == 'a':
            self.pucks.append(Puck(self.puckdisp,
                                   self.pads[randint(2)],
                                   self.ax.bbox))
        if event.key == 'A' and len(self.pucks):
            self.pucks.pop()
        if event.key == ' ' and len(self.pucks):
            self.pucks[0]._reset(self.pads[randint(2)])
        if event.key == '1':
            for p in self.pucks:
                p._slower()
        if event.key == '2':
            for p in self.pucks:
                p._faster()

        if event.key == 'n':
            self.distract = not self.distract

        if event.key == 'g':
            self.on = not self.on
        if event.key == 't':
            self.inst = not self.inst
            self.i.set_visible(not self.i.get_visible())
            self.background = None
            self.canvas.draw_idle()
        if event.key == 'q':
            plt.close()

Create the Game Animation

Now that we have the Game class defined, we can create the game animation by instantiating a Game object and calling its draw() method in a loop.

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
canvas = ax.figure.canvas
animation = Game(ax)

## disable the default key bindings
if fig.canvas.manager.key_press_handler_id is not None:
    canvas.mpl_disconnect(fig.canvas.manager.key_press_handler_id)


## reset the blitting background on redraw
def on_redraw(event):
    animation.background = None


## bootstrap after the first draw
def start_anim(event):
    canvas.mpl_disconnect(start_anim.cid)

    start_anim.timer.add_callback(animation.draw)
    start_anim.timer.start()
    canvas.mpl_connect('draw_event', on_redraw)


start_anim.cid = canvas.mpl_connect('draw_event', start_anim)
start_anim.timer = animation.canvas.new_timer(interval=1)

tstart = time.time()

plt.show()
print('FPS: %f' % (animation.cnt/(time.time() - tstart)))

Summary

In this lab, you learned how to create an interactive game of Pong using Matplotlib. You learned how to define the Pad and Puck classes, as well as the Game class, which is responsible for handling the game logic and drawing the game on the screen. You also learned how to create the game animation by instantiating a Game object and calling its draw() method in a loop. With this knowledge, you can now create your own interactive games using Python and Matplotlib.