Introduction
In this lab, we will learn how to use different cross decomposition algorithms such as PLS Canonical, PLS Regression, and CCA to extract directions of covariance from multivariate datasets.
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Dataset Creation
We create a dataset with two multivariate covarying two-dimensional datasets, X and Y. We then extract the directions of covariance, i.e. the components of each dataset that explain the most shared variance between both datasets.
import numpy as np
n = 500
## 2 latents vars:
l1 = np.random.normal(size=n)
l2 = np.random.normal(size=n)
latents = np.array([l1, l1, l2, l2]).T
X = latents + np.random.normal(size=4 * n).reshape((n, 4))
Y = latents + np.random.normal(size=4 * n).reshape((n, 4))
X_train = X[: n // 2]
Y_train = Y[: n // 2]
X_test = X[n // 2 :]
Y_test = Y[n // 2 :]
print("Corr(X)")
print(np.round(np.corrcoef(X.T), 2))
print("Corr(Y)")
print(np.round(np.corrcoef(Y.T), 2))
Canonical PLS
We use the PLS Canonical algorithm to transform the data. We then create a scatter plot of the scores.
from sklearn.cross_decomposition import PLSCanonical
plsca = PLSCanonical(n_components=2)
plsca.fit(X_train, Y_train)
X_train_r, Y_train_r = plsca.transform(X_train, Y_train)
X_test_r, Y_test_r = plsca.transform(X_test, Y_test)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
## On diagonal plot X vs Y scores on each components
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
plt.subplot(221)
plt.scatter(X_train_r[:, 0], Y_train_r[:, 0], label="train", marker="o", s=25)
plt.scatter(X_test_r[:, 0], Y_test_r[:, 0], label="test", marker="o", s=25)
plt.xlabel("x scores")
plt.ylabel("y scores")
plt.title(
"Comp. 1: X vs Y (test corr = %.2f)"
% np.corrcoef(X_test_r[:, 0], Y_test_r[:, 0])[0, 1]
)
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.subplot(224)
plt.scatter(X_train_r[:, 1], Y_train_r[:, 1], label="train", marker="o", s=25)
plt.scatter(X_test_r[:, 1], Y_test_r[:, 1], label="test", marker="o", s=25)
plt.xlabel("x scores")
plt.ylabel("y scores")
plt.title(
"Comp. 2: X vs Y (test corr = %.2f)"
% np.corrcoef(X_test_r[:, 1], Y_test_r[:, 1])[0, 1]
)
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.legend(loc="best")
## Off diagonal plot components 1 vs 2 for X and Y
plt.subplot(222)
plt.scatter(X_train_r[:, 0], X_train_r[:, 1], label="train", marker="*", s=50)
plt.scatter(X_test_r[:, 0], X_test_r[:, 1], label="test", marker="*", s=50)
plt.xlabel("X comp. 1")
plt.ylabel("X comp. 2")
plt.title(
"X comp. 1 vs X comp. 2 (test corr = %.2f)"
% np.corrcoef(X_test_r[:, 0], X_test_r[:, 1])[0, 1]
)
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.subplot(223)
plt.scatter(Y_train_r[:, 0], Y_train_r[:, 1], label="train", marker="*", s=50)
plt.scatter(Y_test_r[:, 0], Y_test_r[:, 1], label="test", marker="*", s=50)
plt.xlabel("Y comp. 1")
plt.ylabel("Y comp. 2")
plt.title(
"Y comp. 1 vs Y comp. 2 , (test corr = %.2f)"
% np.corrcoef(Y_test_r[:, 0], Y_test_r[:, 1])[0, 1]
)
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()
PLS Regression with Multivariate Response (PLS2)
We use the PLS Regression algorithm with multivariate response to estimate the values of a matrix B. We then compare the estimated B with the true B.
n = 1000
q = 3
p = 10
X = np.random.normal(size=n * p).reshape((n, p))
B = np.array([[1, 2] + [0] * (p - 2)] * q).T
## each Yj = 1*X1 + 2*X2 + noize
Y = np.dot(X, B) + np.random.normal(size=n * q).reshape((n, q)) + 5
from sklearn.cross_decomposition import PLSRegression
pls2 = PLSRegression(n_components=3)
pls2.fit(X, Y)
print("True B (such that: Y = XB + Err)")
print(B)
## compare pls2.coef_ with B
print("Estimated B")
print(np.round(pls2.coef_, 1))
pls2.predict(X)
PLS Regression with Univariate Response (PLS1)
We use the PLS Regression algorithm with univariate response to estimate the values of beta.
n = 1000
p = 10
X = np.random.normal(size=n * p).reshape((n, p))
y = X[:, 0] + 2 * X[:, 1] + np.random.normal(size=n * 1) + 5
pls1 = PLSRegression(n_components=3)
pls1.fit(X, y)
## note that the number of components exceeds 1 (the dimension of y)
print("Estimated betas")
print(np.round(pls1.coef_, 1))
CCA (PLS mode B with symmetric deflation)
We use the CCA algorithm to transform the data.
cca = CCA(n_components=2)
cca.fit(X_train, Y_train)
X_train_r, Y_train_r = cca.transform(X_train, Y_train)
X_test_r, Y_test_r = cca.transform(X_test, Y_test)
Summary
In this lab, we learned how to use different cross decomposition algorithms to extract directions of covariance from multivariate datasets. We created a dataset, transformed the data using PLS Canonical, PLS Regression, and CCA, and estimated the values of matrices and betas. We also created scatter plots to visualize the scores of components.