Linux cvs Command with Practical Examples

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Introduction

In this lab, we will explore the Concurrent Versions System (CVS), a popular version control system used for managing source code and project files. We will start by installing the CVS package on our Ubuntu 22.04 Docker container, then create a new CVS repository and check out a project. Finally, we will learn how to commit changes to the CVS repository.

Linux Commands Cheat Sheet


Skills Graph

%%%%{init: {'theme':'neutral'}}%%%% flowchart RL linux(("`Linux`")) -.-> linux/PackagesandSoftwaresGroup(["`Packages and Softwares`"]) linux(("`Linux`")) -.-> linux/FileandDirectoryManagementGroup(["`File and Directory Management`"]) linux(("`Linux`")) -.-> linux/BasicFileOperationsGroup(["`Basic File Operations`"]) linux(("`Linux`")) -.-> linux/VersionControlandTextEditorsGroup(["`Version Control and Text Editors`"]) linux/PackagesandSoftwaresGroup -.-> linux/apt("`Package Handling`") linux/FileandDirectoryManagementGroup -.-> linux/cd("`Directory Changing`") linux/FileandDirectoryManagementGroup -.-> linux/mkdir("`Directory Creating`") linux/BasicFileOperationsGroup -.-> linux/ls("`Content Listing`") linux/VersionControlandTextEditorsGroup -.-> linux/nano("`Simple Text Editing`") subgraph Lab Skills linux/apt -.-> lab-422627{{"`Linux cvs Command with Practical Examples`"}} linux/cd -.-> lab-422627{{"`Linux cvs Command with Practical Examples`"}} linux/mkdir -.-> lab-422627{{"`Linux cvs Command with Practical Examples`"}} linux/ls -.-> lab-422627{{"`Linux cvs Command with Practical Examples`"}} linux/nano -.-> lab-422627{{"`Linux cvs Command with Practical Examples`"}} end

Introduction to CVS (Concurrent Versions System)

In this step, we will explore the Concurrent Versions System (CVS), a popular version control system used for managing source code and project files.

First, let's install the CVS package on our Ubuntu 22.04 Docker container:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y cvs

Example output:

Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [110 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease [99.8 kB]
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 Packages [1,638 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages [1,376 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages [1,274 kB]
Fetched 4,612 kB in 2s (2,306 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libserf-1-1 libsvn1 zlib1g
Suggested packages:
  cvs-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cvs libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libserf-1-1 libsvn1 zlib1g
0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 2,374 kB of archives.
After this operation, 6,462 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
...

CVS is a version control system that allows multiple users to collaborate on a project by tracking changes to files and directories. It provides features like branching, merging, and conflict resolution, making it easier to manage code changes and maintain a history of the project.

Next, let's create a new CVS repository and check out a project.

Creating a CVS Repository and Checking Out a Project

In this step, we will create a new CVS repository and check out a project.

First, let's create a new CVS repository in the /tmp/cvsrepo directory:

sudo mkdir /tmp/cvsrepo
sudo cvs -d /tmp/cvsrepo init

Example output:

cvs server: creating directory /tmp/cvsrepo/CVSROOT
cvs server: done

The cvs init command initializes a new CVS repository in the specified directory.

Next, let's create a new project directory and check out the project from the CVS repository:

cd ~/project
cvs -d /tmp/cvsrepo checkout myproject

Example output:

cvs checkout: Updating myproject
U myproject/README.md

The cvs checkout command creates a new directory myproject and checks out the project files from the CVS repository.

Now, let's navigate to the project directory and list the files:

cd myproject
ls -l

Example output:

total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 labex labex 11 Apr 18 12:34 README.md

You can see that the README.md file has been checked out from the CVS repository.

Committing Changes to the CVS Repository

In this step, we will learn how to commit changes to the CVS repository.

First, let's navigate to the project directory and make some changes to the README.md file:

cd ~/project/myproject
nano README.md

Add the following content to the README.md file:

## My CVS Project
This is a sample project managed by CVS.

Save the changes and exit the nano editor.

Now, let's add the changes to the CVS repository:

cvs add README.md
cvs commit -m "Added project description"

Example output:

cvs add: scheduling file `README.md' for addition
cvs commit: Examining .
cvs commit: Committing file README.md
RCS file: /tmp/cvsrepo/myproject/README.md,v
done
Checking in README.md;
/tmp/cvsrepo/myproject/README.md,v  <--  README.md
initial revision: 1.1
done

The cvs add command schedules the README.md file for addition to the CVS repository, and the cvs commit command commits the changes with the provided commit message.

To verify the changes, let's update the local copy of the project:

cvs update

Example output:

cvs update: Updating .
U README.md

The cvs update command updates the local project directory with the changes committed to the CVS repository.

Summary

In this lab, we first explored the Concurrent Versions System (CVS), a popular version control system used for managing source code and project files. We installed the CVS package on our Ubuntu 22.04 Docker container and learned about the key features of CVS, such as branching, merging, and conflict resolution. We then created a new CVS repository and checked out a project, which allows multiple users to collaborate on a project by tracking changes to files and directories. Finally, we learned how to commit changes to the CVS repository, ensuring that the project history is maintained and changes can be easily managed.

Linux Commands Cheat Sheet

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